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In addition to the antibodies described in the above list, there are other antibodies that have been described in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Their potential value in the diagnosis or pathogenesis of PNS is less clear that in the previously described in more detail because they share some of the limitations defined below:

 

1. The antigen is not known so immunoblotting on recombinant proteins is not available to confirm their specificities.
2. The number of cases reported is very low
3. The description of the associated neurological syndromes is poor
4. The antibody has not been unambiguous identified among different studies.
5. The frequency of the antibody in patients with cancer and no PNS or patients with other neurological syndromes is not well established.

 

Antibodies

 

Name: ANNA-3

Antigen: not know
Reported by more than one laboratory: No
Cases described: 11
Neurological syndromes: Various syndromes
Associated tumors: Lung cancer
Occurrence in patients without PNS and cancer: None
Occurrence in patients with neurological syndromes other than PNS: One
Reference: Chan KH, Vernino S, Lennon VA. ANNA-3 anti-neuronal nuclear antibody : Marker of lung cancer-related autoimmunity. Ann Neurol 2001;50:301-11.

 

Name: PCA-2

Antigen: not know
Reported by more than one laboratory: No
Cases described: 10
Neurological syndromes: Various syndromes
Associated tumors: Lung cancer
Occurrence in patients without PNS and cancer: <2%
Occurrence in patients with neurological syndromes other than PNS: None
Reference: Vernino S, Lennon VA. New Purkinje cell antibody (PCA-2) : Marker of lung cancer-related neurological autoimmunity. Ann Neurol 2000;47:297-305.

 

Name: mGluR1

Antigen: mGluR1
Reported by more than one laboratory: No
Cases described: 2
Neurological syndromes: Cerebellar ataxia
Associated tumors: Hodgkin disease
Occurrence in patients without PNS and cancer: Unknown
Occurrence in patients with neurological syndromes other than PNS: Unknown
Reference: Sillevis Smitt P, Kinoshita A, De Leeuw B, et al. Paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia due to autoantibodies against a glutamate receptor. N Engl J Med 2000;342: 21-7.

 

Name: Gephyrin

Antigen: Gephyrin
Reported by more than one laboratory: No
Cases described: 1
Neurological syndromes: Stiff-man syndrome
Associated tumors: Undifferentiated mediastinal carcinoma
Occurrence in patients without PNS and cancer: Unknown
Occurrence in patients with neurological syndromes other than PNS: Unknown
Reference: Butler MH, Hayashi A, Ohkoshi N, et al. Autoimmunity to gephyrin in stiff-man síndrome. Neuron 2000;26:307-12.

 

Name: anti-40 Kda

Antigen: Unknown
Reported by more than one laboratory: No
Cases described: 1
Neurological syndromes: Limbic encephalitis
Associated tumors: Breast cancer
Occurrence in patients without PNS and cancer: Unknown
Occurrence in patients with neurological syndromes other than PNS: Unknown
Reference: Scheid R, Honnorat J, Delmont E, et al. A new anti-neuronal antibody in a case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with breast cancer. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:338-40.

 

Name: anti-106 kDa

Antigen: Unknown
Reported by more than one laboratory: No
Cases described: 1
Neurological syndromes: Sensory neuropathy
Associated tumors: Breast cancer
Occurrence in patients without PNS and cancer: Unknown
Occurrence in patients with neurological syndromes other than PNS: Unknown
Reference: Iwahashi T, Inoue A, Koh CS, et al. A study on a new antineural antibody in a case of paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy associated with breast carcinoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;63:516-19.

 

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Updated 2009-09-15

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